High-power pulsed power technology in China opened a historic one

Institute of Electrical Engineering, was recently successfully developed the “50kW/40kHz high voltage power supply | voltage regulators” on behalf of the domestic high-frequency high-power switching power supply advanced technology. “200kW Power Supply” study, indicates that China’s high-power pulsed power technology has opened a historic one.

Currently, high-power switching power supply with foreign technology is more mature and are mainly used in industrial and military. In particle accelerators, electromagnetic emission, electromagnetic forward, such as pulse-power microwave weapons technology areas, power equipment, typically a few hundred kilowatts average power of several megawatts or more, volume and weight of only a few one-tenth of the domestic and automation very high.

In recent years, China’s small switching power supply technology has matured and can basically meet the industrial production and military development. This time, the successful development of high-voltage electrical power supply for industrial development in China will play a far-reaching impact.

The new high-power switching power supply (average power 200kW) is small, light weight, high efficiency, wide voltage range and other advantages, but also has advanced automatic control technology. High power pulse power mainly as the primary power supply and large military equipment of the power system is also suitable for large Dianliukuaisu charge and discharge system, electronics, communications, aerospace and medical fields, with, tens ~ hundreds of kilowatts of large, high-power switching power supply is mainly used in modern industry, national defense, and large research projects in a very wide range of applications.

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Abstract: Lightning from the high-energy low-frequency components and the composition of very high frequency permeability. Mainly through its two forms, one is directly through the metal pipe or ground lightning conduction loss caused by equipment; One is the lightning channel and the discharge channel of the lightning electromagnetic pulse induced by a variety of coupling to the metal pipe or ground waves generated Chung, to the detriment of equipment. Most Lei Sun caused by this induction. For electronic information equipment, primarily from damage caused by lightning coupling of lightning electromagnetic pulse energy generated by the following three channels of the transient surge. In this paper, Analysis of lightning protection devices in power system applications.

Keywords: SPD Power Supply System

First, the basic principles of lightning protection

Lightning and other strong interference on the communication system to the detriment and serious consequences arising therefrom, and lightning protection will be necessary. Lightning from the low-frequency components with very high permeability of the high frequency component. Mainly through its two forms, one is directly through the metal pipe or ground lightning conduction loss caused by equipment; One is the lightning channel and the discharge channel of the lightning electromagnetic pulse induced by a variety of coupling to the metal pipe or ground waves generated Chung, to the detriment of equipment. Most Lei Sun caused by this induction. For electronic information equipment, primarily from damage caused by lightning coupling of lightning electromagnetic pulse energy generated by the following three channels of the transient surge. Metal pipe channel, such as water pipes, power lines, Antenna, signal lines, aviation obstruction light surge generated by wire, etc.; ground channel, to call their counter; space channel, electromagnetic radiation energy group.

Surge channel for metal pipes and ground channel to counter the potential damage caused by electronic information systems major cause of most of its forms is to see to the detriment of the power line caused Lei Sun, it takes as the focus of anti-expansion. Lightning can strike as all-pervasive electronic information systems, lightning protection will be a systematic project. The center of a discharge lightning protection and balanced.

1. Blowdown is the lightning and the lightning electromagnetic pulse discharge energy through the earth, and should be consistent with the principle of hierarchy, that is as much as possible, as far as possible to the excess energy before the introduction of communication systems discharge into the ground; hierarchy is Lightning Protection established in accordance with different levels of the lightning energy to weaken. Lightning Protection District, also known as EMC Division, is based on people, things and information systems to lightning and lightning electromagnetic pulse of feeling Qiangdubutong to Huanjing into Jigequyu: LPZOA District, Ben Du district Ge objects may have been struck by lightning Zhijie Hence the special body may lead to go all the lightning current, no attenuation of the electromagnetic field in the region. LPZOB area, this area has been the object can not directly struck by lightning, but no attenuation of electromagnetic field in this area. LPZ1 area, this area has been the object can not directly struck by lightning, the current flows to the conductor than LPZOB area to further reduce the electric field effect on the overall attenuation and shielding measures. Follow-up of the mine area (LPZ2 area, etc.) If you need further reduced by the guidance of current and electromagnetic field, lightning protection zone should be the introduction of follow-up, the system should be in accordance with the need to protect the environment required for selection and the renewal of mine-area district requirements conditions. The higher number of protected areas, the expected voltage interfere with the lower energy and interference. In the modern lightning protection technology, lightning protection zone settings is important, it can guide us to shielding, grounding, and other electrical connections and other technical measures are implemented.

2. Balance is to keep the system does not produce enough to cause some loss of potential difference, that is the system where the environment and the system itself, the potential of all the metal conductor to keep the transient phenomena are almost equal, which is based on both real bonding of pressure. By a reliable grounding system, such as bonding with the metal wire and bonding device (SPD) to form a potential compensation system, in the presence of transient phenomena very short time, the potential compensation system can quickly be protected in system in which all the conductive parts of the region to establish an equal potential between these conductive parts also active conductors. Potential through the comprehensive compensation system that can form a very short period of time such as potential areas, the region may exist relative to the distance dozens of kV potential difference. Important is the need to protect the system located within the region, between all the conductive parts there is no significant potential difference.

3. Lightning protection system consists of three parts, each part has its important role, there is no alternative. External protection, the Jieshan Qi, deflectors, grounding body composition, energy can be most directly into the ground lightning discharge. Transitional protection, by the reasonable shielding, grounding, wiring component, can reduce or block access through the introduction of invasive sensors. Internal protection, from both pressure bonding, over-voltage protection component, can balance the system potential to limit over-voltage amplitude.

Second, the role of lightning protection devices and technical parameters

SPD, also known as equipotential connector, over-voltage protector, surge suppressor, varistor, lightning and other security devices for power line protection device known as the lightning protection lightning protection devices. Given the current characteristics of lightning induced damage, especially in the mine rectification of lightning protection, lightning protection devices protection program is based on the most simple, economic solution for lightning protection. SPD’s primary role is transient phenomenon, its potential at both ends of a line or limit the scope, the transfer of active conductor on the excess energy.

Into the underground discharge, pressure, etc. to achieve both an important part of bonding. SPD Some of the main technical parameters: Rated voltage, rated current, special approval from the string and Power SPD’s carrying capacity. The flux, the SPD’s ability to transfer lightning current to a thousand units, and open the open wave. SPD can be divided in function can prevent Thunderstorm for the SPD and the SPD against lightning. Anti-Thunderstorm for the SPD can be commonly used may be hit by lightning directly stroke line protection, such as LPZOA area and LPZ1 area at the junction of protection. Current waveform with 10/35μs testing and that its current capacity. Anti-lightning in the lightning protection devices are usually used to hit the line can not be Thunderstorm for protection, such as LPZOB area and LPX1 area, LPZ1 area at the junction of protection. 8/20μs current waveform with test and said its current capacity of response time, the SPD on the transient phenomena of a controlling time, and the wave nature of. Residual pressure, SPD restrictions on the ability of transient voltage phenomena, and lightning current amplitude and the wave nature of.

Third, the selection of lightning protection devices

Lightning protection device based on the desired effect you want, should focus on “where appropriate and reasonable to the installation of suitable lightning protection devices,” SPD selection is very important.

1. To enter the building between the various facilities lightning current distribution is as follows: about 50% of the lightning discharge flowing through the external lightning protection device into the ground, and another 50% of the lightning current in the metal material within the system distributed. This assessment model used to estimate the LPAOA area, LPZOB area and LPZ1 area for bonding the junction of the SPD’s current capacity and metal wire specifications. Where the lightning current to 10/35μs current waveform. In the metal material in the distribution of lightning current situation: the part of the lightning current amplitude depends on the distribution channel and some resistance and inductance, distribution channel is likely to be assigned to the lightning current in the metal material, such as power lines, signal lines, water pipes, metal frame and other metal pipes and other ground-level, generally only the value of their grounding resistance can be roughly estimated. In the case can not be determined, then a resistor can be considered equal, that is, the average distribution of the metal pipe current.

2. The introduction of overhead power lines and power lines may be Thunderstorm for hit, the access to the building of protected areas and exterior lines depends on the lightning current, lightning protection devices and the user side of the discharge branch line impedance and inductance. If the same inside and outside both ends of the resistance, the power line was assigned to half of the Thunderstorm for current. In this case, function must be used with anti Thunderstorm for the SPD.

3. Follow-up assessment model to evaluate LPZ1 area protection zone at the junction after the lightning current distribution. As the user side of the insulation resistance is far greater than the SPD discharge slip resistance of introduced lines and entered the follow-up of the lightning current lightning protection zone will be reduced, particularly in the numerical estimates do not need. General requirements for follow-up area of lightning protection lightning protection device at the current capacity of 20kA (8/20μs) below, without using Chase flow capacity of SPD.

Follow-up to the choice of mine area SPD should consider the energy distribution between the various levels and voltage matching is difficult to determine in a number of factors, the use of string and Power SPD is a good choice. String and style is based on modern lightning protection in many applications, such as distinguishing characteristics of level of protection concept put forward (as opposed to the traditional and the type SPD is concerned). The essence is by the energy and voltage distribution with multi-level electrical and filter up the effective integration of technology. String and type mine has the following characteristics: wide range of applications. Not only the routine application, but also a place for protected areas indistinguishable. Induced decoupling devices under transient over-voltage divider, delay effects, to help achieve energy match. Slow rate of rise of transient interference in order to achieve low residual voltage and long life and extremely fast response time.

4. SPD all the other parameters depend on the protected object level where the mine area, the operating voltage to install all the components in the lead circuit of rated voltage shall prevail. String and type SPD needs to pay attention to its rated current.

5. Affecting the distribution of lightning current electronic line of other factors: the transformer grounded resistor will reduce the electron current increases in the distribution. Increase in the length of power cable will reduce the current power distribution lines, and to have a few to lead a balanced current distribution. Short cable lengths and low impedance neutral line current imbalance will thus lead to differential mode interference. Power cable and multi-user access will reduce the effective impedance, resulting in distribution of current increases, even into the network of power supply in the state, the main flow into the mine temporary power line, which is most Lei Sun in the power line of reason.

Fourth, the installation of lightning protection devices

1. Power cord should be multi-level protection, multi-level protection is based on the mine area as the level of lightning energy progressively reduced (energy distribution), so that limits voltage levels complement each other, ultimately limit the over voltage device within the dielectric strength (voltage support). In the following cases, multi-level protection is a must: a 1 SPD or SPD failure of a road failure. SPD does not meet the residual voltage equipment insulation strength, cable length is longer in the building.

2. Almost all cases, the cable protection, at least should be divided into two or more, with a lightning protection device may also contain multiple levels of protection (such as string and type SPD). In order to achieve effective protection in the mine area set the corresponding interface of the SPD, SPD can be for individual electronic devices, or one with more electronic equipment space, all through the defense usually has a space shield mined areas of the wire through the mine area in the interface also has had SPD. In addition, the lightning protection device is limited, the general lightning protection devices and equipment line distance of more than 10m after the protective effect will deteriorate, because the SPD and the need to protect the cables between devices have reflective oscillation caused voltage, the amplitude and the line length is proportional to the load impedance.

3. In the use of power multi-level child lightning protection, if not pay attention to energy distribution, it may attract more lightning energy into the protected area. This requires the SPD should be based on the foregoing assessment model selection. Lightning protection devices are generally larger by lightning current, the higher the residual voltage characteristics, not by the energy level SPD after the distribution of lightning current flowing through a very small benefit voltage limit. Note that without considering the voltage response with low voltage and only choice for the final stage of lightning protection devices are dangerous.

With energy distribution and voltage to achieve the main points is to use two SPD inductance between the cable itself. Inductance cable itself has some obstacles to bury current and partial pressure of roles, so that more lightning current was assigned to the large discharge. General requirements 2 SPD around 15m in length between the cable, appropriate?? The situation within the cable. The length of cable on the branch line influence on the length of cable required, when the protection of ground and some distance from the protected cable (> 1m), time required cable length can be greater than 5m. In some cable itself is not suitable for use as decoupling?? Can use a special decoupling device, then no distance requirement.

4. Decoupling device is to achieve energy distribution and voltage with the key measures, the following materials can be used as decoupling devices: cable, inductance and resistance.

Power SPD series, and is a consideration of the energy distribution and voltage with the use of filters as a decoupling device SPD portfolio of applications for all occasions.

5. In some extreme cases, fitted with lightning protection devices but will also increase the possibility of damage to equipment, must stop; such situations. Lightning protection devices to protect a few lines, one line of SPD failure or slow response times. This may make common-mode interference into a differential mode interference and damage to equipment. This requires the need to implement multi-level protection and attention to the maintenance of lightning protection devices. Without regard to lightning protection zone, with the energy and voltage allocation by the random lightning protection devices installed, Biru just installed a SPD front-end equipment, since no pre-class protection strong lightning current will be attracted to the equipment front end, causing SPD residual voltage over equipment insulation strength. This requires the SPD to be installed in accordance with the principle of hierarchy.

6. In other cases, the wrong equipment installation will not effectively protected. Long connected line lightning protection, lightning protection devices work, the connection line from the inductance induced voltage will be high, add the device will still dangerous voltage level at the end of this issue SPD applications more obvious. To solve this problem is to use a short cable, but also to use two or more separate connections to share the magnetic field lines to reduce the pressure drop, in-line cable is bold no effect. If necessary, be protected by changing the line of wiring, so close to the bonding arrangements (access point) to reduce the cable length.

Mine output lines and input lines, grounding line near, laid side by side. This type SPD on the series and more serious effects. When the string and the power supply output line of mine (has the protection of the line) and the input line (not the protection line), ground close to the laying of lines within the sensor will output a transient surge, although smaller than the original strength, but still can be dangerous. To solve this problem is the input line, ground and output lines laid separately or vertical installation, to minimize the length of the parallel laying, the laying of the distance pulled.

SPD and the ground wire is not protected by the protection device is connected, that is to separate lightning protection and grounding. This will be the protection line and equipment protection in the time between the dangerous transient voltages, to solve this problem is to ground lightning protection device should be protected with devices connected.

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Japan to develop alternative technologies for platinum fuel cells carbon rod

According to “Nihon Keizai Shimbun” reported Nisshinbo company formed with the Tokyo Institute of Technology research project were recently successfully developed a fuel cell catalyst for carbon rod technique, replacing the expensive platinum, substantially reducing the production costs of fuel cells . The cost of using carbon rods catalyst is platinum 1 / 10, if used in vehicles, then the cost of fuel cells will be reduced by 40 million yen. The technology will be officially opened in 2009, applied to the field of home and car.

Use of fuel cells can reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the automotive and home appliance has a wide range of application. Currently, a number of other Japanese companies also developed an alternative catalyst, the widespread use of fuel cells, will promote the deepening low-cost technology development.

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The U.S. Patent Office has approved the application. The use is limited to computers, portable electronics and peripherals. Observers now expect an iPad competitors with WebOS.

The United States Patent and Trademark Office, Hewlett-Packard the term "PalmPad" registered as a trademark. This first reported the blog MyHPMini.

If the concept PalmPad the pulped Slate (Image: HP) are similar?

HP has announced no plans around the new name, the complaint states, however, HP was the term only in the "computer, computer hardware, computer software, computer peripherals, portable computers, handhelds and mobile computers, PDAs, electronic Notebooks and mobile digital electronic devices to use.

HP had hired in the last few months, until the development of a Windows-7-tablets and least postponed plans for an Android-Tablet. It is more than speculation to expect that a "PalmPad" is running on the compromised with Palm WebOS and should be positioned as a competitor to Apple’s iPad. At least the name seems to American observers and less attractive looking than the iPad – or even Dell’s Android-Tablet Streak.

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¡°Life¡± is based on the 2005 atypical ¡°Chanda¡¯s Secrets,¡± by Allan Stratton.?It is a suspense-filled ball about a adolescent babe in South Africa who fights to accomplishment the humans she loves.SPC and Bavaria ahead formed calm on ¡°Run Lola Run,¡± ¡°Goodbye Lenin!,¡± ¡°The Man Without a Past,¡± and ¡°I Served The King of England.¡±

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Small businesses are alpha to appear from the all-around bread-and-butter downturn, but that accretion will not be steady, said Chad Thompson, an analyst at Access Market International Partners in New York, who batten at HP’s event.”This is not a nice, beeline ambit affective out of the recession,” Thompson said. Especially for SMBs, approaching altitude can be harder to predict, he said.

Though HP’s offerings are broad, on Wednesday the aggregation focused mostly on networking and storage, both areas breadth investment is accepted to acceleration over the next few years. While SMB technology spending all-embracing will abound at a amount of 3.6 percent per year until 2014, spending on LAN hubs and switches will abound by 29 percent per year and network-attached accumulator by 30 percent, AMI’s Thompson said.

HP adapted its V ancestors of LAN accessory for SMBs by introducing the HP V1410 Switch Series, a added energy-efficient change of the V1400 that offers added agreement choices and use options. The V1410 is accessible in fixed-configuration designs with eight, 16 or 24 ports of 10/100/1000M bps (bits per second). No 16-port adaptation was accessible for the V1400 (more : Dell vostro 1400 battery , Dell vostro 1500 battery , Dell vostro 1520 battery ).

The switches now cover a aperture for a Kensington Computer Articles lock, the amid locks generally acclimated to defended claimed computers. This affection is analytical for some baby businesses, breadth arrangement switches may be kept on a board in an accessible area, according to HP. The V1410 alternation is shipment now, with starting prices from US$109 (eight-port) to $379 (24-port).

The latest bearing of the X1000 allows for bifold the accommodation of antecedent versions in bisected the space, according to HP. Enhanced HP Automatic Accumulator Manager software allows companies to accredit book administration amid applicant systems in 20 account or less, compared with 60 account in the antecedent generation, HP said. The StorageWorks P2000 adds 6G bps SAS capability, as able-bodied as software that can carbon snapshots of abstracts to a altered set of disks in the array.

HP aswell formed out the StorageWorks X310 Abstracts Vault, a arrangement for SMBs with bound IT staff. Its user interface is based on Microsoft Windows Home Server, for affluence of accession and management, HP said. The X310 can board as abundant as 15T bytes of accumulator if alien drives are absorbed via eSATA and USB ports. It can accomplish automatic circadian advancement for as abounding as 10 applicant PCs or Macs.

HP aswell acicular to added use of online abutment assets as able-bodied as purchasing for SMBs. The aggregation affairs to access the offerings accessible through its absolute online sales website for “micro offices” of beneath than 10 people, to cover storage, networking and adaptable products. It currently offers PCs, printers and ProLiant servers.

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Digital Fuel, the baton in SaaS IT Financial Administration solutions, today appear almanac business after-effects for the aboriginal division of 2010, fueled by surging appeal for its flagship IT Financial Administration SaaS solution. Digital Fuel Technologies, Inc., is the arch provider of SaaS IT Business Administration solutions including IT Amount Administration and Service Level Administration (SLM) applications acclimated by enterprises and billow providers.

In Q1, Digital Fuel accomplished a 45% access in Committed Monthly Recurring Revenue (CMRR) for its Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) offering, and a face-lifting bulk that stands at an best top of 97%. The aggregation connected its cord of annual advance records, which followed its largest-ever activity for new business at the end of 2009 (Dell latitude d520 battery , Dell latitude d600 battery).

The close has accumulated an absorbing bulk of business from both new and absolute customers, including such arch all-around 2000 companies as Amasol, BASF, BT, Capgemini, Cisco, Communisis, Aboriginal Horizon, Hospira, IBM, O2, Open Tech, PWC, Seapass Solutions, SITA, Telus, TPI, Walgreens, and Xerox.

¡°Our contempo centralized bazaar studies with CIO-level admiral approve what all the experts are saying¡ªthat admitting the backlash in IT spending that¡¯s accepted to action this year, action IT organizations will abide to attending for means to ascendancy costs and bear added amount to the business from IT spending,¡± acclaimed Dancziger. ¡°Digital Fuel solutions are allowance hundreds of companies administer the business of IT¡ªand in abounding cases those companies are accumulation tens of millions of dollars anniversary year while accretion amount significantly.¡±

The band-aid automates the key processes all-important to accurately ascendancy IT spending including IT appeal management, IT Budgeting and planning, IT amount clay and allocation, proactive IT amount control, IT amount optimization, as able-bodied as billing, appearance aback and chargeback for IT casework captivated by business units.

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Google formally appear Android 2.2 ¡ª code-named Froyo ¡ª to its developer association Thursday morning. There’s still no chat on absolutely if specific Android handsets will get the update, above Google’s affiance that it should access in the “coming weeks.” We’ll see whether that affirmation stands up to analysis already Froyo hits the streets

Basically, you’ll be able to use your 3G (or 4G, in the case of the Evo 4G) Android buzz and advertisement its abstracts affiliation over Wi-Fi, which is again sharable with up to eight added devices. (”How about that iPad?” said Google’s Vic Gundotra, demography a sly blow of Apple.) You can aswell binding a laptop anon over USB. Nice ¡ª?but bethink that your carrier will apparently appeal that you angle over an added $30 or so a ages for a adaptable hotspot plan.

Android 2.2 aswell promises added and bigger abutment for Exchange, including limited clean capabilities for accumulated Exchange administrators, accompany abutment for Exchange-based calendars, and Global Address List lookup from aural the Android e-mail app. And again there’s the Android browser, anon to be absorbed with a alternation of JavaScript and all-embracing achievement enhancements, authoritative it ¡ª according to Google ¡ª the “world’s fastest adaptable browser.”

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CenTrak’s amount RTLS differs from bequest technologies in its use of a patented aggregate of second-generation bittersweet (Gen2IR) and alive RFID technology alleged DualTrak. Array powered Monitors address a different allowance amount application Gen2IR which is accustomed by any tag in that room. The tag communicates the allowance amount and its own different ID via RF to the CenTrak Area Server application a hospital’s absolute active or Wi-Fi network, area it can be accessed in real-time by hospital cadre and chip with third affair band-aid providers.

Like light, Gen2IR will not canyon through walls and does not ache from acceptable bittersweet line-of-sight limitations. Therefore, if a tag reads a allowance number, there are no errors. This is certainty-based RTLS. Unlike estimation-based information, certainty-based area abstracts can be acclimated by hospitals to accomplish important improvements to action breeze and automate accommodation making. A lot of healthcare workflow improvements can alone be accomplished if the area abstracts is certainty-based.

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Apple is widely expected to use Lala’s ‘cloud’ technology to integrate a Web subscription service into its popular iTunes Music Store. Such a service could also be used for other digital entertainment like TV shows and movies.

ITunes, which is mainly accessed by users as a desktop based application, was in danger of being left behind by Web-based services like Lala, Rhapsody and Spotify which allow users to access their music collection wherever they are via an Internet connection.

A notice on Lala’s website on Friday said it will refund users who have already paid in advance for songs they had yet to download either with cash or iTunes credits.

The Lala service had allowed users to stream from the Internet any tune in its catalog of more than 8 million songs once for free, and then sold unlimited streams for 10 cents per track and MP3 downloads starting at 79 cents.

Lala was founded by serial technology entrepreneur Bill Nguyen who is believed to have sold the company for around $80 million in December after reinventing the company’s business model several times.

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